Delhi offers a multitude of
interesting places and attractions to the visitor, so much so that it becomes
difficult to decide from where to begin exploring the city. In Old Delhi,
attractions like mosques, forts, and other monuments that depict India's Muslim
history. The important places in Old Delhi includes the majestic Red Fort, the
historical Chandni Chowk, besides Raj Ghat and Shanti Vana, the last two being
modern structures constructed after India's Independence in 1947. New Delhi, on
the other hand, is a modern city designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker.
Delhi is a spacious, open city that houses many government buildings and
embassies, apart from places of historical interest. Notable attractions in New
Delhi include the Rashtrapati Bhawan, the one-time imperial residence of the
British viceroys; the India Gate, a memorial raised in honour of the Indian
soldiers martyred during the Afghan war; the Laxminarayan Temple, built by the
Birlas, one of India's leading industrial families; the Humayun's Tomb, said to
be the forerunner of the Taj at Agra; the Purana Quila, built by Humayun, with
later-day modifications by Sher Shah Suri; Tughlaqabad, Delhi's most colossal
and awesome fort; Qutab Minar, built by Qutub-ud-din Aibek of the Slave Dynasty;
and the lotus-shaped Baha'i Temple.
Rashtrapati Bhawan
Modern Delhi, or New Delhi as it is called, centres around the Rashtrapati
Bhawan. It is architecturally a very impressive building standing at a height,
flowing down as it were to India Gate. This stretch called the Rajpath is where
the Republic Day parade is held. The imposing plan of this area conceived by
Lutyens does not fade in its charm with the numerous summers or winters that go
past.
India Gate
India Gate is a memorial raised in honour of the Indian soldiers martyred
during the Afghan war. The green, velvety lawns at India Gate, particularly, are
a popular evening and holiday rendezvous for young and old alike.
Laxminarayan Temple
Also called the Birla Mandir, the Laxminarayan Temple was built by the
Birla family in 1938. It is a temple with a large garden and fountains behind
it. The temple attracts thousands of devotees on Janmashtami day, the birthday
of Lord Krishna. The Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, was assassinated in
this temple complex in 1948.
Humayun's Tomb
Humayun's Tomb was built nine years after Humayun's death by his wife Haji
Begum. Designed by a Persian architect named Mirak Mirza Ghiyas, and completed
in 1565, the edifice was a trendsetter of the time. It is said that all later
Mughal monuments, including the Taj Mahal, followed its design.
Qutab Minar
The Qutab Minar is located at a small village called Mehrauli in South
Delhi. It was built by Qutub-ud-din Aibek of the Slave Dynasty, who took
possession of Delhi in 1206. It is a fluted red sandstone tower, which tapers up
to a height of 72.5 metres and is covered with intricate carvings and verses
from the holy Qur'an. Qutub-ud-din Aibak began constructing this victory tower
as a sign of Muslim domination of Delhi and as a minaret for the Muslim priest,
the muezzin, to call the faithful to prayer. However, only the first storey was
completed by Qutb-ud-din. The other storeys were built by his successor
Iltutmish. The two circular storeys in white marble were built by Ferozshah
Tughlaq in 1368, replacing the original fourth storey.
The projected balconies in the tower are supported by exquisite stalactite
designs. The tapering tower has pointed and circular flutings on the first
storey and star-shaped on the second and third storeys. The bands of
calligraphic inscriptions are amazing in perfection with the exquisite
stalactite designs seen on the exterior of this tower.
The Qutab Minar, apart from being a marvel in itself, is also significant for
what it represents in the history of Indian culture. In many ways, the Qutab
Minar, the first monument of Muslim rule in India, heralded the beginning of a
new style of art and architecture that came to be known as the Indo-Islamic
style.
Red Fort
When one approaches old Delhi with a somewhat Westernised perception the
emotional response can range from wonderment to bewilderment, from utter disgust
to ecstasy. Undoubtedly, Old Delhi gives an insight into the multi-layered
identity that so aptly characterizes India. The lanes are narrow, filled to
bursting with people, throbbing with life. In the midst of this sea of people,
suddenly you come face to face with the ramparts of the Red Fort. The decision
for constructing the fort was taken in 1639, when Shahjahan decided to shift his
capital to Delhi. Within eight years, Shahjahanabad was completed with the Red
Fort-Qila-i-Mubarak (fortunate citadel)-Delhi's seventh fort, ready in all its
magnificence to receive the Emperor. Though much has changed now because of
large-scale demolitions during the British occupation of the fort, its important
structures have survived, the glory faded with age but still impressive.
Chandni Chowk
The living legacy of Delhi is Shahjahanabad. Created by the builder of Taj
Mahal, this city, with the Red Fort as the focal point and Jama Masjid as the
praying centre, has a fascinating market planned to shine under the light of the
moon, called Chandni Chowk. Shahjahan planned Chandni Chowk so that his daughter
could shop for all that she wanted. It was divided by canals filled with water,
which glistened like silver in moonlight. The canals are now closed, but Chandni
Chowk remains Asia's largest wholesale market. Crafts once patronized by the
Mughals continue to flourish in the small lanes of the city. Tradition and
modernity meet at unexpected places in Shahjahanabad. If you see a man pulling a
rickshaw or feeding pigeons, you will see just as many talking over the cello or
assembling a computer! An experience of timelessness awaits you at Shahjahanabad.
Raj Ghat
On the bank of the legendary Yamuna, which flows past Delhi, there is Raj
Ghat-the last resting place of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the nation. It has
become an essential point of call for all visiting dignitaries. Two museums
dedicated to Gandhi are situated nearby.
Shanti Vana
Lying close to the Raj Ghat, the Shanti Vana (literally, the forest of
peace) is the place where India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was
cremated. The area is now a beautiful park adorned by trees planted by visiting
dignitaries and heads of state.
Baha'i Temple (Lotus Temple)
The Baha'i Temple, situated in South Delhi, is shaped like a lotus. It is
an eye-catching edifice worth exploring. Built by the Baha'i community, it
offers the visitor a serenity that pervades the temple and its artistic design.
Purana Quila
The Purana Quila is a good example of medieval military architecture. Built
by Humayun, with later-day modifications by Sher Shah Suri, the Purana Quila is
a monument of bold design, which is strong, straightforward and every inch a
fortress. It is different from the well-planned, carefully decorated, and
palatial forts of the later Mughal rulers. Purana Quila is also different from
the later forts of the Mughals, as it does not have a complex of palaces,
administrative and recreational buildings, as is generally found in the forts
built later on. The main purpose of this now-dilapidated fort was its utility,
with less emphasis on decoration.
The Qal'a-I-Kunha Masjid and the Sher Mandal are two important monuments inside
the fort.
Tughlaqabad
When Ghazi Malik founded the Tughlaq Dynasty in 1321, he built the
strongest fort in Delhi at Tughlaqabad, completed with great speed within four
years of his rule. It is said that Ghazi Malik, when only a slave to Mubarak
Khilji, had suggested this rocky prominence as an ideal site for a fort. The
Khilji Sultan laughed and suggested that the slave build a fort there when he
became a Sultan. Ghazi Malik as Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq did just that-Tughlaqabad is
Delhi's most colossal and awesome fort, even in its ruined state. Within its
sky-touching walls, double-storied bastions, and gigantic towers were housed
grand palaces, splendid mosques, and audience halls.